Our TCO calculator projects five key cost categories over 5 years: (1) EU ETS carbon costs based on vessel emissions and trading pattern; (2) PSC detention risk — probability-weighted costs of port state control detentions including delays, fines, and reputation damage; (3) Docking and maintenance — scheduled dry-docking plus hull/propeller maintenance; (4) Insurance premiums — P&I and H&M insurance adjusted for vessel risk profile; (5) Regulatory compliance — FuelEU Maritime penalties and upcoming IMO regulations.

A single PSC detention can cost $50,000-$500,000+ in direct costs (repairs, port fees, off-hire) plus long-term impacts: higher insurance premiums (+5-15%), increased inspection frequency, and charter rate penalties. Vessels with poor detention records face compounding costs that can add $200K-$1M+ annually to TCO.

Our TCO calculator includes retrofit vs scrapping scenario analysis. A retrofit (engine upgrade, scrubber, ESD installation) typically costs $2-8M but can extend vessel life 8-15 years and reduce annual operating costs by 15-30%. Scrapping yields $300-500/LDT ($3-15M for typical vessels). The break-even point depends on vessel age, condition, charter market outlook, and regulatory trajectory.